
I read a fascinating post titled “Crossing your fingers boosts performance (touch wood)” on the Sweat Science Blog. The post refers to an article published in Psychological Science by lead author Lysann Damisch in which participants performed golf putts, and other motor dexterity, memory and anagram challenges.
In the case of the golf putt, the participants were either informed that their golf ball has been lucky so far, or that it is simply the ball that everyone has been using, before performing 10 golf putts. “Sure enough, the lucky ball group hit 6.42 putts, while the neutral ball group hit just 4.75″ (source).
Because I’m not going to pay to read the full text of the article, I don’t know how many participants were used in the study. However, the use of a control group definitely lends credibility to the study – whereas I usually attribute perceptions of luck to a simple confirmation bias.
The proposed mechanism for luck boosting performance is an increase in self-efficacy. Self-efficacy can be confused with self confidence, but it has less to do with a general sense of certainty and more to do with a belief in one’s capabilities to perform specific tasks in relation to goals.
Some rituals and superstitions that involve stretching, increasing physical readiness (jumping up and down), or routines that help you focus do not influence luck in this same way. These habits have their own physical and mental mechanisms for improving performance. However, it is interesting that the presence of a charm or other arbitrarily lucky object can produce a testable improvement in performance by increasing a participant’s beliefs in their ability to succeed in context of the situation.